Sigma:ATRA,R2625-50MG

屬性：

生物來(lái)源：synthetic (organic)

質(zhì)量水平：200

檢測(cè)方案：≥98% (HPLC)

形式：powder

技術(shù)：cell culture | mammalian: suitable

顏色：yellow

Mp：180-181 °C (lit.)

溶解性：chloroform: 50 mg/mL

儲(chǔ)存溫度：?20°C

說(shuō)明：

一般描述：

Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, exerts a broad range of biological effects. It plays a role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and transformed cells, potentially influencing oncogenes.[1] All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is regarded as the most pertinent and functionally active metabolite of Vitamin-A.[2] RA may serve as a type of signal molecule through a nuclear receptor to regulate regional differentiation in the central nervous system. Moreover, at a concentration of 1 nM (with maximal differentiation at 1 µM), RA induces morphological and functional terminal differentiation in a cell line of human promyelocyte leukemia, indicating its potential involvement in the differentiation of specific hematopoietic cells. Additionally, RA can indirectly impact neuronal differentiation by modifying the expression of neuronal cell surface receptors to peptide growth factors.[3]

Furthermore, RA and other retinoids can also inhibit cellular proliferation and stimulate tyrosinase activity in a human melanoma cell line,[4] while also inhibiting cell-substrate adhesion and motility in melanocytes. ATRA plays a vital role in the formation of the mammalian vascular system. Specifically, it regulates endothelial cell proliferation and vascular remodeling throughout tissue angiogenesis.[2]

應(yīng)用：

ATRA 已用于胚胎干細(xì)胞至運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元的分化。[5]

它已用于非洲爪蟾外胚層至胰腺的分化。[6]

它還用于研究由RARα (ATRA受體α)引起的表觀遺傳學(xué)調(diào)控。[7]

它已用于研究原初精原細(xì)胞向精母細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化的RA信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)。[8]

生化/生理作用：

ATRA 是ATRA受體（RAR）和視 huang 醇類(lèi) X 受體（RXR）的配體。所結(jié)合的RAR和RXR可作為調(diào)節(jié)正常細(xì)胞和惡性細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和分化的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。細(xì)胞色素P450（CYP）可催化ATRA的4-羥基化。ATRA 可使胚胎干細(xì)胞成為神經(jīng)元。

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